-4000 B.C.- farming and village life spread
form Sumerians and Egyptian lands across SW Asia and NE Africa, and the
European continents
- 3500 B.C.- some are organized enough to construct megaliths, massive rough cut stones used to construct monuments and tombs, such as Stonehenge(finished in 2000 BC), consisting of 160 massive boulders weighing up to 50 tons each, stacked and circled and aligned to the movements of the sun.
- From 2500 BC on- Indo- European nomads migrated from the steppes in Eastern Europe.
- Language would evolve into Greek and Latin
- Their lives would revolve around strength and courage, comradeship and loyalty, contests and battle
- Arete- anything you do in life, is done to the best ability
- Thinner populations that Egypt or Mesopotamia- they formed tribes, social and political unit consisting of communities held together by common interests, traditions, and real or mythical ties of kinship.
- Tribes were headed by powerful hereditary chieftains, thought of as kings.
- This is how Europe came to be populated by speakers of Indo-European languages who were skilled in farming, metalworking, trade, and warfare.
- There is no records, no fixed structures of government
- They adopted the way of life of those they encountered, and as they traveled from 2000 BC to AD 1000, this is how civilization eventually spread throughout Europe.
- The distinctive civilization the Greeks developed is the first that counts as definitely Western.
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